12th June 2025

Understanding the National Curriculum in the UK

If you’re considering a teaching career in England, understanding the National Curriculum is essential. This framework outlines the subjects, skills and standards taught in most state-funded schools across the country.

In this guide, we’ll break down the structure of the curriculum, the different key stages and what’s expected at each level, helping you prepare confidently for your teaching journey in the UK.

What is the National Curriculum? 

The National Curriculum sets out the subjects taught in schools, the knowledge and skills to be covered in each subject and the expected standards at various key stages. It ensures consistency and progression across all state schools in England.

The key stages of the UK National Curriculum 

• Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS): Ages 3–5 (nursery and reception)
• Key Stage 1 (KS1): Ages 5–7 (Years 1–2)
• Key Stage 2 (KS2): Ages 7–11 (Years 3–6)
• Key Stage 3 (KS3): Ages 11–14 (Years 7–9)
• Key Stage 4 (KS4): Ages 14–16 (Years 10–11 – GCSE preparation)
• Key Stage 5 (Post-16): Ages 16–18 (A-levels or vocational study)

Subjects taught

Primary level (KS1 and KS2) 

Pupils study:

• English
• Mathematics
• Science
• Computing
• History
• Geography
• Art and Design
• Design and Technology (DT)
• Music
• Physical Education (PE)
• Religious Education (RE)
• Personal, Social, Health and Economic Education (PSHE) – often taught, though not statutory
• A foreign language (from KS2)

Secondary level (KS3 and KS4)

Core and foundation subjects include:

• English Language and Literature
• Mathematics
• Science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics – combined or separate)
• History and/or Geography
• Modern Foreign Languages (e.g, French, Spanish, German, Arabic)
• Design and Technology
• Computing
• Physical Education/Sports/Games (PE)
• Religious Studies/Education (RE)
• Personal, Social, Health and Economic Education (PSHE)

At Key Stage 4, pupils typically work towards GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education) in a mix of core and elective subjects. Some may pursue vocational qualifications alongside or instead of GCSEs.

Key Stage 5 (KS5) 

Students specialise further, usually taking 3-4 A-levels or vocational qualifications (e.g. BTECs), depending on their intended career or university pathway.

Understanding the National Curriculum is key to preparing effectively for teaching roles in the UK and aligning with local educational standards.

Ready to start your teaching journey in the UK? Whether you’re new to the National Curriculum or looking for support with your next role, we’re here to help. Get in touch with us today to explore your options and take the next step toward a rewarding teaching career.